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Tourism and Poverty Alleviation - International

DateOct, 2006
Pages69
Price / format$535 / Online Download
$535 / Hard Copy Mail Delivery
$2035 / Global Site License

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Abstract:
 Countries covered: Global

World poverty, along with climate change and terrorism, is one of the most important international issues facing the world in the 21st century. Global population is 6.6 billion, yet more than 1.2 billion people live in ‘extreme consumption poverty’, 2.7 billion people earn less than US$2 a day, and more than 800 million suffer from malnutrition.

Tourism can yield high levels of employment and income for the poor, particularly in rural communities, yet tourism’s role in alleviating poverty has not been recognised, to any substantial degree, by national tourism administrations. Historically, the success of many developing countries’ national tourism authorities has been based on attracting higher numbers of international arrivals, and inward investment for major hotel and resort developments to maximise foreign exchange earnings, often to finance developing countries’ debt.

This report seeks to provide an introduction to the issues involved in tourism and poverty alleviation, providing an overview of the organisations and initiatives that are working in this field internationally. It also aims to examine the potential benefits that have already been identified for how both the public and private sectors can make a real difference to alleviating poverty through adopting sustainable ‘pro-poor’ business practices.



Table of contents:
INTRODUCTION


DATA SOURCES


BACKGROUND AND DEFINITIONS
POVERTY
THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES (LDCS)
Figure 1: The list of LDCs, 2006
POVERTY IN AFRICA
DEBT
MAKING TRADE FAIR
HIV/AIDS


‘MAKE POVERTY HISTORY’ CAMPAIGN
HOW CAN TOURISM HELP ALLEVIATE POVERTY?
Figure 2: Growth of international tourist arrivals and tourism receipts, 1990-2004
Tourism to developing countries and LDCs
Figure 3: Trends in international tourist arrivals in developing countries and the world, 1990-2003
Figure 4: Trends in international tourism receipts in developing countries and the world, 1990-2003
The comparative performance of tourism to developing countries
Figure 5: Developing countries with a fast growing tourism sector, 1992-2003
Figure 6: Developing countries with a decreasing tourism sector, 1992-2003
Figure 7: International tourist arrivals and receipts in LDCs, 1988, 1998 and 2003
TOURISM AND DEVELOPMENT
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
ECOTOURISM
COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM
LEAKAGE AND LINKAGES
FAIRTRADE
FAIRTRADE IN TOURISM
PRO-POOR TOURISM (PPT)


ORGANISATIONS AND INITIATIVES
'SUSTAINABLE TOURISM - ELIMINATING POVERTY' INITIATIVE (ST-EP)
UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF MICROCREDIT, 2005
GLOBAL CODE OF ETHICS (GCET)
PPT PARTNERSHIP
OVERSEAS DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE (ODI)
FAIRTRADE IN TOURISM NETWORK
FAIRTRADE IN TOURISM SOUTH AFRICA
GTZ
AKTE
SNV NETHERLANDS DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION
TOUR OPERATOR’S INITIATIVE
THE ASSOCIATION OF SMALL SCALE ENTERPRISES IN TOURISM
THE INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS LEADERS FORUM
International Hotels Environment Initiative
Youth Career Initiative
International Tourism Partnership

PRO-POOR OPPORTUNITIES FOR INDUSTRY
THE BUSINESS CASE FOR PPT
MARKET OPPORTUNITIES
PRO-POOR STRATEGIES FOR BUSINESSES
Figure 8: Types of PPT strategies
STRATEGIES FOR ‘MAKING TOURISM COUNT’ FOR THE LOCAL ECONOMY
STRATEGIES FOR THE ‘INFORMAL SECTOR’
Figure 9: Factors that encourage purchases of local crafts, food, guiding and market products
FACILITATING POVERTY ALLEVIATION WITH TOURISM’S PRIVATE SECTOR
Figure 10: Some well-known destinations in poor countries
IMPLICATIONS FOR TOUR OPERATORS


CASE STUDY: SANDALS - THE CASE FOR THE ALL-INCLUSIVE RESORT


CASE STUDY: TRIBES TRAVEL, THE FAIRTRADE TRAVELTM COMPANY


INTERVIEW WITH HAROLD GOODWIN OF THE PRO-POOR TOURISM INITIATIVE (4 AUGUST 2006)


OUTLOOK


INDEX TO TTI DESTINATION REPORTS 1993-2006
Country reports
City reports


INDEX TO TRAVEL & TOURISM ANALYST
Index grouped by geographic area


SPECIAL REPORTS INDEX
2003
2004
2005
2006




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