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Lab-On-A-Chip: The Revolution In Portable Instrumentation, 4th Edition (Technical Insights)

DateJan, 2002
Pages0
Price / format€3767 / Hard Copy
€3390 / Site License
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Abstract:
 Research into making laboratory instruments that fit on chips of material such as silicon and plastic is growing at a rapid rate and has become one of the most important
areas of investigation in the world of research and development. Nearly every company and institution doing research and development ought to be aware of this
revolution in portable instrumentation.
Apply As Little Input As Possible, But As Much As Is Needed

This Technical Insights report separates the good news from the mundane by providing the following:

- A detailed overview of technological advances in development laboratories

- Identification of key companies and developers and estimates of timelines for commercializing technology

- Definitions of key markets and applications

- Reporting on technology drivers as well as obstacles in the way of commercial success
- A detailed list of key contacts in the field, including names, titles, addresses, phone numbers, e-mail addresses, and URLs
Additional InformationThe commercialization of the lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is affecting chemical analysis at all levels. This low-cost technology will bring the capabilities of expensive instruments
to pocket-size devices.
LOCs have left the realm of theoretical research, with most of the basic groundwork laid, and is on its way to becoming a new, multibillion-dollar industry, says Technical Insights’ Analyst Kathy Austin. New discoveries in physics, micro-scale dynamics, and nanotechnology will act as enabling technologies, solving dilemmas for LOC developers one step at a time.
Over the past decade, demand has been building for analytical equipment that can acquire data automatically and inexpensively, in parallel environments, and at the front lines of many key industries. Two major developments have occurred in the LOC landscape, opening doors for innovators while creating new standards. The first is the use of microarrays, where these tiny wafers are now standard laboratory equipment for almost any type of high-throughput analysis. The second is LOCs’ integration into market-ready products by several laboratories.
Complete chemical LOCs will have the greatest direct impact on two markets: medical diagnostics and laboratory instrumentation. Chemical sensing mar-kets and chemical synthesis will also be affected. Genetic analysis is firmly entrenched among primary applications of the LOC. High-value and high-priority markets such as proteomics, medical diagnos-tics and screening, and pathogen identification are driving product development. Advanced LOCs often sort cells with the objective of amplifying DNA. LOCs will most likely not be used for uncomplicated yes or no tests, as simple, reliable, inexpensive solutions are already on the market. LOCs will be used to replace some functions of comprehensive clinical diagnostic instruments in situations where concentrations of more than one analyte needs to be determined, or where a complex separation must precede analysis.
While several groups boast a complete LOC, dozens more are working on what will eventually become components of future LOCs: microfluidics, sample handling systems, analyzers and detection schemes, signal processors, control software, and chemical sensors for analytical LOCs. Miniaturized reaction chambers, specialized reagents, and novel chemical strategies are under development for synthesis LOCs.










Table of contents:
 1. Executive Summary

2. Introduction

3. Markets
A. Introduction
B. Trends in LOC Development
C. How to Exploit LOCs
D. Specific Market Sectors

1. Medical Diagnostics

2. Chemical Analysis Instrumentation

3. Microfluidics and Capillary Electrophoresis

4. Biochips: DNA and Protein Microarrays

5. Proteomics

6. Sensors

7. Other Markets
E. LOC Technology Redefines Itself

1. LOC Technology Redefines Itself

2. Microfluidics

3. Microarray LOCs and Instrumentation

4. List of LOC; Microarray; Microsystem Developers

4. Barriers to Commercialization
A. Introduction
B. Mechanical and Process Issues for LOCs
C. Performance Requirements
D. Limitations of LOCs
E. Throughput and Costs
F. Standardization
G. Marketing
H. Patent Litigation
I. Sensors

5. LOC Technologies
A. µTAS: Complete Chemistry Labs-On-A-Chip
B. MESA Research Institute: Fluid Handling; Mixing; Reacting; and Detection
C. University of Pennsylvania: Total Integrated Microchip Platform
D. Aviva Biosciences: Multiple-Force Biochips
E. Nanogen: Dielectrophoresis µTAS Chip Finds Germs; SNPs
F. University of Michigan: DNA Analysis With Nanoliter LOC
G. Imperial College: Micromachined Chemical Amplifier Speeds PCR Analysis; Tweaking µTAS for All Manner of Things
H. Sandia National Laboratories: A Fully Integrated Chemical Analysis LOC
I. Microfluids and Capillary Electrophoresis

1. Caliper Technologies Corp.: Microfluidics; Microfabrication; and Molecular Separations for Drug Discovery

2. Micralyne: Microfluidic Toolkit

3. Oak Ridge National Labs

4. The University of Alberta LOC

5. Aclara Biosciences Inc.: LabCard

6. Micronics; Inc.: Laminar Flow Prevents Mixing

7. Curagen; Inc.: DNA Seperation by Weight

8. Nanogen; Inc : Electronic Control of DNA Analysis

9. UC Berkely: Radial Capillary Array Electrophoresis System

10. Molecular Dynamics: Fluorescence-Based Capillary Gel Electrophoresis Sequencing

11. Applera Corporation: Applied Biosystems Incorporated (ABI) and Celera Genomics: Human Genome Payoff

12. Gene Logic: READS (Restricition Enzyme Analysis of Differentially-Expressed Sequences)

13. University of California; Davis: Surfactant Redox to Move Fluids

14. Princeton University: Continuos Flow Mixer Gives You Fast Mixing Without Turbulence

15. Los Alamos and IBM: Simulate Fluid Flows

16. Tecan Group Turns CD Player Into a Bioanalysis Device
J. Detection and Analysis: Spectrometry; Chromatography; Surface Plasmon Resonance

1. Advion and Intellisense: Electrospray Chip for Mass Spectrometry

2. University of Washington: Annular Column Chromatography With Built-in Optical Analysis

3. Texas Instruments; Inc : A matchbook-Sized Surface-Plasmon-Resonance Analyzer

4. Genetrace Systems: Automated DNA Sequencing With Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

5. HTS Biosystems: Surface Plasmon Resonance

6. Phylos: Protein-Expression Chip

7. University of lllinois/Urbana-Champaign: NMR Analysis On A Chip

8. Optical Addressing of LOCs
K. Clinical Instruments
1. i-Stat Corp.: Handheld Blood Analyzer Offers Bedside Blood Panel

2. University of Neuchatel: Blood Gas Analyzers On A Chip

3. Given Imaging Inc.: Dreadful Endoscopy Made Easy--Just Swallow

4. Georgia Tech: Microneedle Arrays Deliver Drugs

5. Sandia National Labs: Blood-Cell Laser to Detect Blood Disorders

6. MIT: Implantable Microchip Releases On Demand
L. Microreactors; Combinatorial Chemistry; and Syntheis LOCs

1. Microreactors; Combinatorial Chemistry; and Synthesis LOCs

2. Irori Quantum Microchemistry: Microchip-Based Combinatorial Chemistry Kit

3. University of Hull: Microreactors and Microwaves

4. University of South Australia: Microbioreactor

5. Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory: Microscale Combuster

6. Symyx: Combinatorial Materials Synthesis

7. ID Biomedical Corp.: Cycling Probe Technology Amplifies Like PCR

8. Cepheid; Inc.: Microscale PCR Reactors

9. Hebrew University: PCR Primers Immobilized On A Chip

10. Fraunhofer Institute: Meandering Flow Channels With Access Ports

6. Microarrays And Biochips: DNA And Protein Analysis On A Chip
A. Microarrays and Biochips: DNA and Protein Analysis On A Chip
B. Affymetrix: Combinatorial DNA Analysis
C. Orchid BioSciences-SNP Analysis On A Chip
D. Genometrix; Inc.
E. Berkeley: Microcantilevers Detect Cancer On A Chip
F. Beckman Instruments; Inc.
G. Motorola; Packard; and Argonne: Find One Genetic Variation Among Three Billion DNA Bases in a Matter of Minutes
H. Differential Gene Expression or Copy Number On A Chip
I. Harvard University: 'Protein Chips' Probe Protein Function
J. Hoffman-La Roche: Bacteria Chips to Study Antibiotics
K. Ciphergen Biosystems: Biomarkers
L. Beyond Proteomics: Glycomics
M. DNA Chips for Agricultural Studies

7. Enabling Technologies
A. Introduction
B. Sensors

1. Sensors

2. Biosensors

3. Microphysiometry—Intracellular Sensing




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